Statistics
Underlying & Contributing Factors - Violence
[ref 1]
- A disproportionate share of violent criminals report early abuse-[ref 6]
- Being Abused or Neglected as a Child:-[ref 9]
- Likelihood of arrest as a juvenile -- up 53%
- Likelihood of arrest as an adult -- up 38%
- Likelihood of arrest for a violent crime -- up 38%
- Nationwide, alcohol is a contributing factor in 80% of homicides.-[ref 10]
- A gun in the home is 43 times more likely to be used to kill a family member or friend
or to commit suicide than to defend oneself.-[ref 11]
Underlying & Contributing Factors - Child Abuse
[ref 1]
- Risk factors associated with child abuse and neglect are:-[ref 12]
- Family poverty
- Family stress
- Single parent family
- Drug or alcohol use by one or more family members
- Parental history of abuse or neglect
- Unemployment
- Poor education
- Family isolation
- Risk factors associated with child sexual abuse:-[ref 15]
- Poor parent-child relationships
- Poor relationships between parents
- Absence of a protective parent
- Presence of a non-biologically related male in the home.
- It is estimated that 9 - 10 million children under the age of 18 are directly affected by substance-abusing parents.-[ref 13]
- In 1995, in 15 states reporting information, 40% of child abuse cases involved substance abuse.-[ref 14]
- Adults who mistreat their own children, and those who are perpetrators or victims of spousal abuse, were often themselves victims or abuse.-[ref 12]
Youth Gang Survey Statistics - 2012 [ref 3]
- Juristictions Reporting Youth Gangs by Area Type
- 85.6% -- Large City
- 25.4% -- Small City
- 49.5% -- Suburban County
- 16.0% -- Rural County
- 29.6% -- Overall
- Estimated Number of Gangs
- 1996 - 30,800
- 1997 - 30,500
- 1998 - 28,700
- 1999 - 26,200
- 2000 - 24,700
- 2001 - 23,500
- 2002 - 21,800
- 2003 - 20,100
- 2004 - 24,000
- 2005 - 26,700
- 2007 - 27,300
- 2008 - 27,900
- 2009 - 28,100
- 2010 - 29,400
- 2011 - 29,900
- 2012 - 30,700
- Estimated Number of Gang Members
- 1996 - 846,500
- 1997 - 816,000
- 1998 - 780,000
- 1999 - 840,500
- 2000 - 772,500
- 2001 - 693,500
- 2002 - 731,500
- 2003 - 710,500
- 2004 - 760,000
- 2005 - 789,500
- 2006 - 785,000
- 2007 - 788,000
- 2008 - 774,000
- 2009 - 731,000
- 2010 - 756,000
- 2011 - 782,500
- 2012 - 850,000
Incarceration Statistics [ref 2]
- Persons Incarcerated in State or Federal Prison
- 1992 -- 882,500
- 1993 -- 969,301 -- + 9.8%
- 1994 -- 1,054,702 -- + 8.8%
- 1995 -- 1,125,874 -- + 6.7%
- 1996 -- 1,181,919 -- + 5.0%
- 1997 -- 1,240,659 -- + 5.0%
- 1998 -- 1,307,154 -- + 5.4%
- 1999 -- 1,363,686 -- + 4.3%
- 2000 -- 1,394,231 -- + 2.2%
- 2001 -- 1,404,032 -- + 0.7%
- 2002 -- 1,440,144 -- + 2.6%
- 2003 -- 1,468,601 -- + 2.0%
- 2004 -- 1,497,100 -- + 1.9%
- 2005 -- 1,525,910 -- + 1.9%
- 2006 -- 1,568,674 -- + 2.8%
- 2007 -- 1,596,835 -- + 1.8%
- 2008 -- 1,608,282 -- + 0.7%
- 2009 -- 1,615,487 -- + 0.4%
- 2010 -- 1,613,803 -- - 0.1%
- 2011 -- 1,598,968 -- - 0.9%
- 2012 -- 1,570,397 -- - 1.8%
- 2013 -- 1,576,950 -- + 0.4%
- 2014 -- 1,562,319 -- - 0.9%
- 2015 -- 1,526,603 -- - 2.3%
- 2016 -- 1,505,397 -- - 1.4%
- Incarceration Rate per 100,000
- 1992 -- 344
- 1993 -- 374 -- + 8.7%
- 1994 -- 403 -- + 7.8%
- 1995 -- 426 -- + 5.7%
- 1996 -- 443 -- + 4.0%
- 1997 -- 461 -- + 4.1%
- 1998 -- 481 -- + 4.3%
- 1999 -- 498 -- + 3.5%
- 2000 -- 491 -- - 1.4%
- 2001 -- 490 -- - 0.2%
- 2002 -- 498 -- + 1.6%
- 2003 -- 503 -- + 1.0%
- 2004 -- 508 -- + 1.0%
- 2005 -- 513 -- + 1.0%
- 2006 -- 523 -- + 1.9%
- 2007 -- 527 -- + 0.8%
- 2008 -- 526 -- - 0.2%
- 2009 -- 524 -- - 0.4%
- 2010 -- 520 -- - 0.8%
- 2011 -- 511 -- - 1.7%
- 2012 -- 498 -- - 2.5%
- 2013 -- 497 -- - 0.2%
- 2014 -- 488 -- - 1.8%
- 2015 -- 473 -- - 3.1%
- 2016 -- 464 -- - 1.9%
Mentoring-Effects on Behavior [ref 4]
- Initiating Drug Use -- down 45.8%
- Initiating Alcohol Use -- down 27.4%
- Number of Times Hit Someone -- down 31.7%
- Grades -- up 3%
- Scholastic Competence -- up 4.3%
- Skipped Class -- down 36.7%
- Skipped Day of School -- down 52.2%
REFERENCES:
1- Violence Prevention Coalition of Orange County
2- Bureau of Justice Statistics (www.bjs.gov)
Tool Title: Corrections Statistical Analayis Tool (CSAT) - Prisoners (https://www.bjs.gov/nps
3- 2012 Prevalence of Gang Problems - National Gang Center (US Dept of Justice)
4- OJJDP -- Juvenile Justice Bulletin 4/97
(An Evaluation of 8 Big Brother/Big Sister Sites)
(All items statistically significant at at least a 90% level of confidence)
6- Irvine Health Foundation - Third Annual Report on the Condition of Children in Orange County
9- National Institute of Justice - 1992
10- California Wellness Foundation
11- New England Journal of Medicine - 1986
12- Irvine Health Foundation - Second Annual Report on the Status of Children in Orange County
13- Woodside - 1988
14- Lung & Daro, 1996
15- Pediatrics in Review, July - 1996